Background and objective: The term “ scientific supremacy” was first introduced by Ayatollah Khamenei and had been explained many times in meetings with academic faculties. After that, achieving this great goal was included in the vision document of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the comprehensive scientific map of the country; and various researchers defined, interpreted and explained this concept; so the definition and examples of this concept developed over time and in addition to the direct meaning of this concept the parallel concepts were formed and developed, therefore, due to the need to explain the roots of this concept over time, this study aim was analyze the discourse of scientific supremacy in Iran. Methods and Materials: This qualitative study was conducted according to Norman Fairclough critical discourse analysis method, this method focused on three categories of text, discourse action and social action. For this purpose, the contemporary discourse of Iran in the field of scientific supremacy was examined and analyzed according to the Fairclough critical discourse analysis method. Results: The findings of this study consisted of 1232 codes (simple and compound) which led to the abstraction of 40 discourse themes. Conclusion: Identifying the discourse context of scientific supremacy in the country will help to define more accurately, scientific measurement and more appropriate planning to achieve supremacy.

Through an analysis and comparison of the mental processes involved in writing a piece of literary text, and then translating it into another language, it was found that a translator is involved in many more such subtle mental behaviours: a) comprehending the original text; b) finding the linguistic equivalents in the target language to convey the similar message and beauty in the mind of the reader of the translated text. It is concluded that the translator has supremacy over the writer with respect to mentality as well as social prestige, though both enjoy a high rank in civilized communities.

This policy report has been written with the aim of providing policy programs to support scientific and technological supremacy. In this report, an attempt has been made to present a clearer picture of the concept of scientific and technological supremacy based on the studies conducted in this field, and to review domestic experiences and selected international experiences in the field of supporting scientific and technological supremacy. Finally, an attempt has been made to provide some policy programs to support scientific and technological supremacy in the country by taking advantage of selected domestic and international experiences. These policy programs include: 1) Program to cultivate and strengthen young talents and support the pioneers in the field of science and technology,2) Program for the development and strengthening of pioneering science and technology organizations,3) Program in sync with scientific and technological trends in the world,4) Program for responsive, inclusive and mission-oriented sciences,5) Program for science for all (popularization and socialization of science and technology),6) Program of intelligent and targeted scientific and technological interactions and collaboration with the world,and 7) Program for useful, wealth-creating and value-creating sciences and technologies.

Background: We aimed to explain the roadmap to supremacy in the country's medical universities. Expanding this path in all higher education institutes would improve supremacy. Methods: In this project, local competitive advantages and the strengths of medical universities were initially identified. Three methods were used for measuring and quantifying, as follows: determining the index based on total citations of the top ten researchers in each field and the ratio of these people to the top ten in the country, SciVal analysis, evaluation and internal evaluation of universities and institutions were used. Results: The data collected from the previous two stages during 2020-2021 led us to potential areas of differentiation. Strategic placement took place with an emphasis on the division of national duties and special missions, and we paid attention to the articulated diferentiated. All competitive advantages were classified into four levels (internal, weak, strong, and exclusive competitive advantage) based on characteristics such as infrastructure, capital and resources, access, reputation, staff, processes, and various functions of universities. The way of moving between the start point, and the destination was also done by formulating strategies. Conclusion: In formulating a strategic plan for achieving supremacy, a strategic timeline, a strategic roadmap, and a strategic plan were developed. supremacy is a high goal for universities. However, universities must also consider other goals, such as: creating knowledge-based economic value addition, interdisciplinary development, social accountability, and the institutionalization of different levels of academic hubs in universities. In this path, identifying and encouraging talented individuals and making full use of their scientific capacities is also very important.

The Islamic Fundamentalism which turned into a major social course in many Arab countries in 1980s, has inspired a wide spectrum of theoretical analyses. In this article we have attempted to evaluate this course by the method of discursive analyse.Despite many dissimilarities that differentiate Islamic fundamentalism from other political, and even religious reformist, movements regarding methods of political struggle, organizing and organizational structure, our hypothesis is that its most significant distinctive aspect from previous movements is the conspicuous and unique role of Islamic signifier in shaping and articulating its discourse. Our hypothesis is that Islam did not enter to political arena of Ararb society by Islamic fundamentalism, but it turned into the master signifier or, what we call it here, the point de caption, by fundamentalists.Therefore, to comprehend the discursive change, from nationalism to fundamentalism, we describe the components of fundamentalist and Pan- Arabic discourses and compares their main signifiers. We, then investigate the contexts of increasing politicalization of Islam and its turning into master signifier, supremacy of Islamic fundamentalism discourse in contemporary Arab society and the failure of Arab nationalism discourse based on the factor of availability.

The social system in Arabian Peninsula in pre Islamic era remained tribalclan with no particular form of integrated social unity in this region. It was more affected by multitude population, dominated traditions and illiteracy in terms of education and civilization. Influencing the type of the administration system over the various parts of peninsula, it rather determined the type of supremacy over the region either compatible or incompatible with social system developments. Consequently, while the tribe itself made the only social unit in some parts of the land, some developed areas experienced a great consolidation within the sort of integrated tribal form as a large social unit. This influenced the trend of administration system as well as making diversity in ruling system according to the particular social units in the region.Investigating on the types of supremacy in three major parts of Arabian Peninsula in pre Islamic era, this study accomplished by manipulating Weber’s Traditional supremacy Typology. According to the findings, there has to be three types of supremacy over the peninsula at that time: Senior supremacy, paternal supremacy and patriarchy.

Background: The aim of this study was to propose a model of maximum participation of elites in attaining scientific supremacy. Methods: The Carnell & Dolly critical review strategy was used. To find related sources and studies, databases such as SID, Google, Google Scholar, Scopus, IranMedex, and Web of Science were searched, during 2011-2021, using the following keywords: “ elite” , “ talented individuals” , “ elite management” , “ scientific supremacy” and “ scientific authority” . A comprehensive search was done in both Persian and English. The texts were independently reviewed by researchers. We found 40 articles and then based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and after deleting duplicate studies, eight articles were reviewed. Results: The findings of this study included three content themes: 1) the roles of elites, 2) the process of elite management, and 3) dividing responsibilities in the process of elite management. The most effective management factors for the three roles, and tasks of each institution in the elite management process are mentioned. Conclusion: Attaining scientific supremacy in the Islamic Republic of Iran requires the existence of systems, processes, and structures that enable the elite to play superior roles in the country’ s strategic domains. Moreover, society should also benefit from their presence. Therefore, having mission-oriented, differentiated, and comprehensive programs for developing the competencies of the elite and talented individuals as well as providing the necessary arrangements to guide the elite to key roles is very important.

Artificial Intelligence has emerged as a transformative technology with implications for global security. This article using descriptive-analytic method aims to explore the US and China’s Competition for AI supremacy and its security consequences for global security. The research main question is that “what ramifications do the US and China’s competition for AI supremacy have for global security?” This article argues that the competition between China and the U.S in the realm of AI technologies has significant ramifications for global security, with implications spanning economic, military, and geopolitical spheres. This multifaceted competition casts a profound shadow over the contemporary international landscape and necessitates a nuanced understanding of its consequences. This article also discusses that international collaboration, dialogue, and the establishment of norms and regulations are crucial in harnessing the benefits of AI while mitigating its risks. The final section of this article addresses recommendations to robust AI systems that prioritize human rights. By embracing a responsible approach to AI, we can strive towards a safer and more secure world.

Background: Attention and distortion in emotional processing is one of the persistent factors in many mental disorders. But do emotional processing styles mediate the relationship between sleep quality, lateral superiority, and circadian rhythms with meta-memory? Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of emotional processing styles in the relationship between sleep quality, lateral superiority and circadian rhythms with metacognition in students. Method: This is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population consisted of 2300 undergraduate psychology students of Islamshahr Azad University (97-98). 200 subjects were selected through stratified random sampling. Research instruments include: Nedeljkowicz and Kierius (2007), Memory Confidence and Cognition Scale (Baker et al. (2007)), Horner & Ostberg Morning-Evening Scale (1976), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale (Bovis et al., 1989). And Chapman's Evaluation of side Advantage Checklist (1987). Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling. Results: Circadian rhythms, lateral superiority, and sleep quality with a coefficient of 0. 53 had a significant effect on memory in the presence of mediating factor of emotional processing styles (P< 0/05). Conclusions: Emotional processing styles play a mediating role in the relationship between sleep quality, lateral superiority, and circadian rhythms with memory.